kacapi

Kacapi is a plucked string instrument from the Sundanese musical tradition of West Java, Indonesia. It belongs to the zither family and features a long, narrow wooden soundboard with a row of strings stretched across it. The number of strings varies by maker and model, but typical kacapis have around a dozen or more strings, tuned to a scale used in Sundanese music. The instrument is played horizontally, often on the lap or a small stand, and the strings are plucked with the fingers or fingernails.

There are two primary varieties commonly used in ensembles: kacapi indung (the larger instrument) and kacapi rincik (the smaller one). In traditional degung ensembles, the indung provides the principal melodic line while the rincik offers elaboration and a secondary texture, producing a layered, interlocking sound when paired with other instruments such as the suling (bamboo flute).

Construction and technique can vary, with different woods and string materials (including nylon or metal being used in modern versions). Playing involves precise plucking to produce clear, resonant tones, and players may employ subtle dampening or muting to shape the phrasing and tempo.

Kacapi is a central element of Sundanese court and village music and remains a staple in degung ensembles. It is also encountered in contemporary performances and fusion styles, where traditional textures are blended with other Indonesian or world music influences. The instrument embodies the melodic and harmonic character of Sundanese sonic aesthetics.