jäännössiirtymät

Jäännössiirtymät, also known as residual displacements, refer to the permanent deformation that remains in a material after a load has been applied and then removed. This phenomenon is a key characteristic of materials that exhibit inelastic behavior, meaning they do not return to their original shape once the stress is released. Unlike elastic deformation, where the material fully recovers its shape, residual deformation is a permanent change.

The magnitude of residual displacement depends on several factors, including the material's properties, the applied stress level, and the duration of the load. Materials like metals, polymers, and even some geological formations can experience residual displacements under sufficient stress. For instance, in metals, exceeding the yield strength initiates plastic deformation, leading to residual strains. In construction, understanding residual displacements is crucial for assessing the long-term integrity and safety of structures, particularly after seismic events or extreme loading conditions. Engineers often account for these permanent deformations in design calculations to ensure that structures can withstand repeated loading cycles without catastrophic failure. The study of residual displacements is an integral part of material science and structural engineering.