jäykkäkouristukselta

Jäykkäkouristus, scientifically known as tetanus, is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. The bacteria can enter the body through breaks in the skin, such as cuts, puncture wounds, or burns.

Once inside the body, Clostridium tetani produces a potent neurotoxin called tetanospasmin. This toxin travels to the central nervous system, where it interferes with nerve signals to the muscles. This interference leads to widespread muscle stiffness and painful spasms, which are the hallmark symptoms of tetanus. The spasms can be severe enough to cause fractures and respiratory failure.

Symptoms typically appear within days to weeks after exposure to the bacteria. Early signs may include jaw stiffness (lockjaw), making it difficult to open the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms can spread to the neck, abdomen, and other parts of the body. Painful spasms can be triggered by minor stimuli such as noise or touch.

Tetanus is preventable through vaccination. The tetanus vaccine is highly effective and is usually given as part of a combination vaccine, such as the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccine for children and the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) vaccine for adolescents and adults. Booster shots are recommended throughout life to maintain immunity. Prompt wound cleaning and, in some cases, tetanus immunoglobulin administration are crucial for preventing the disease after potential exposure. While treatable, tetanus is a severe illness with a significant mortality rate.