jäykkäkouristetta

Jäykkäkouristus, or tetanus, is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is found in soil, dust, and animal feces. The bacteria can enter the body through cuts, scrapes, or puncture wounds.

Once in the body, Clostridium tetani produces a toxin that interferes with the nerves that control muscles. This leads to severe muscle spasms, particularly in the jaw and neck, making it difficult to open the mouth or swallow. This characteristic symptom is often referred to as "lockjaw." Other symptoms can include stiffness in the abdomen and limbs, difficulty breathing, and fever.

Tetanus is preventable through vaccination. The tetanus vaccine is typically given as part of a combination vaccine, such as the DTaP vaccine for children and the Tdap vaccine for adolescents and adults. Booster shots are recommended every 10 years to maintain immunity.

Treatment for tetanus involves administering tetanus immunoglobulin to neutralize the toxin, antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and muscle relaxants to manage spasms. Prompt medical attention is crucial if a tetanus-prone wound is sustained, especially if the individual's vaccination status is unknown or not up-to-date. While treatable, tetanus can be fatal, and prevention through vaccination is the most effective strategy.