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Justification refers to the act of demonstrating that something is right, reasonable, or valid. This concept appears in various fields, including philosophy, ethics, law, and religion. In ethics and philosophy, justification is concerned with providing reasons or arguments that support the moral rightness of an action or belief. A moral justification aims to show why a particular action is permissible or even obligatory. This can involve appealing to principles, consequences, duties, or virtues.

In a legal context, justification involves presenting evidence or arguments that explain why an act, which might otherwise be considered illegal, was lawful. Examples include self-defense or necessity, where an individual's actions were taken to prevent a greater harm. The burden of proof often lies with the party seeking to justify their actions.

In epistemology, the philosophical study of knowledge, justification is a key component of what it means to know something. A belief is often considered knowledge only if it is true and justified. Justification in this sense refers to the evidence or reasons that support the belief, making it rational to hold. Different theories of justification exist, such as foundationalism, coherentism, and reliabilism, each offering a different account of how beliefs become justified.

Religious contexts may also employ justification, particularly in theology, where it can refer to the process by which a person is made righteous or absolved of sin. This is often understood as a divine act, though human faith and actions can be seen as playing a role in receiving or maintaining that state of justification. Ultimately, the specific meaning of justification is dependent on the domain in which it is used, but it consistently involves the provision of reasons or evidence to establish validity or correctness.