absolved

Absolved is the past participle of absolve, a verb meaning to declare someone free from guilt, blame, or responsibility; to forgive. It can also mean to release someone from an obligation, duty, or punishment. In common usage, a person may be absolved of liability or guilt when there is no longer a basis for punishment or censure.

Etymology and scope: The word derives from Latin absolvere “to set free,” via Old French absolver. It appears in legal, religious, and moral contexts. In religious contexts, absolution is a sacramental act by which a priest pardons sins, typically during confession. In secular contexts, to absolve someone means to clear them of a charge, duty, or debt.

Distinctions and related terms: Absolved is often used to indicate release without implying a formal verdict. In criminal law, a formal acquittal is a verdict that can also absolve a defendant from guilt; exoneration implies broader vindication, sometimes after evidence of innocence. Exculpation focuses on evidence of innocence or exonerating factors. In modern usage, the choice of term can reflect context: absolve for forgiveness or administrative relief, acquit for a court verdict, and exonerate or exculpate for legal or moral clearance.

See also: Absolution, exoneration, acquittal, confession.