juhd

Juhd is an Arabic noun meaning effort, exertion, or hard work. It is derived from the triliteral root j-h-d (ج-ه-د), which conveys striving or exertion. The singular form is juhd (جهد), and the plural is juhūd (جهود). In Classical and Modern Standard Arabic, juhd refers to the mental or physical energy expended toward a task, or to the level of intensity or seriousness with which someone attempts something.

Usage and scope: Juhd is used to describe both individual and collective efforts in everyday speech and in formal writing. It can denote the personal striving required to achieve a goal, as well as the overall intensity applied to a project, campaign, or undertaking. In narratives and essays, the term often highlights dedication, perseverance, or the degree of labor invested.

Relation to jihad: Juhd is etymologically related to jihad since both words arise from the same root. However, juhd is a general term for effort or exertion, while jihad (often translated as "struggle") has broader religious and legal connotations that can include moral, spiritual, or defensive aspects, depending on context.

Transliteration and English usage: In transliteration, juhd is commonly rendered as juhd, with variant spellings such as jahd or juhād appearing in some systems. In English-language texts, the word is usually translated as "effort" or "endeavor."

See also: Jihad, Effort, Endeavor, Exertion.