jolly

Jolly is a word in the English language with several related meanings. As an adjective, it describes someone who is cheerful and lively, or a situation that is merry. It can also function as an informal intensifier in British English, appearing in phrases such as jolly good or jolly well.

The origin of the term is often traced to the Old French joli, meaning pleasant, pretty, or agreeable, with the sense of cheerfulness developing in Middle English. Over time, the word has broadened into various idiomatic and nautical expressions, retaining a generally light, positive connotation.

In addition to its adjective use, jolly can be a noun meaning a lively gathering or merrymaking, though this usage is now uncommon outside of formal or jocular contexts. The phrase Jolly Roger refers to the pirate flag used historically to signal a ship’s crew; several theories exist about the origin of the expression, but it is well established in English nautical folklore.

In maritime vocabulary, jolly appears in compounds such as jolly boat, a small open boat used by ships. Today, jolly is recognized but often regarded as quaint or whimsical, and it remains more common in British English than in American daily speech.

Notable proper nouns incorporating the term include Jolly Rancher, a candy brand, and Jolly Roger, the term used for pirate flags in popular culture. The word also appears in various place names, literary works, and product titles, reflecting its enduring association with cheerfulness and friendliness.