iustum

iustum is a Latin adjective form, the neuter singular of iustus, meaning just, fair, right, or proper. In Latin, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, so iustum appears with neuter singular nouns and can function predicatively after esse (for example, id iustum est “that is just”). The neuter form iustum is used specifically for neuter subjects or predicates.

Etymology and meaning: iustus comes from Latin roots denoting legality, righteousness, or moral uprightness. The sense of iustum centers on what is proper according to law, custom, or ethical norms. In classical and post-classical texts, it is often employed in discussions of justice, rights, and correct conduct, as well as in normative or philosophical arguments about what ought to be.

Usage and context: iustum appears in legal, ethical, and theological writings to mark actions, judgments, or standards that conform to fairness or rightful order. It is frequently contrasted with terms for unjust or improper behavior and is often connected to discussions of natural law, civic duty, or divine justice. In translation, iustum is commonly rendered as “just” or “fair,” with nuance depending on context. A typical construction is id iustum est, “that is just,” used to express a normative judgment or assertion of propriety.

Relation to related terms: iustum derives from iustus, the adjective for lawful or righteous, while iustitia refers to the abstract concept of justice. The phrase iustus can also describe persons (viri iusti) or deeds that are morally or legally correct, and iustum serves to attribute this quality to objects, acts, or states in neuter form.

See also: iustus, iustitia, justice in classical philosophy and law.