itvermectins

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication used in both humans and animals. It belongs to the avermectin class of drugs and is effective against a wide range of internal and external parasites. In humans, it is primarily used to treat onchocerciasis (river blindness) and strongyloidiasis. It is also used for scabies and pediculosis. The World Health Organization includes ivermectin on its list of essential medicines.

The mechanism of action of ivermectin involves binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells. This binding increases the permeability of these cells to chloride ions, leading to hyperpolarization and paralysis or death of the parasite. It has a high selective toxicity, meaning it affects parasites much more than humans because mammals have fewer related ligand-gated ion channels.

Ivermectin is typically administered orally or topically, depending on the condition being treated. Dosing is usually based on body weight. Common side effects in humans can include dizziness, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. More severe reactions can occur, especially with high doses or in individuals with certain genetic predispositions.

While ivermectin has been extensively studied and proven effective for its approved indications, it has also been investigated for other potential uses, including as an antiviral agent. However, scientific consensus and regulatory approvals for these off-label uses are generally lacking or have been refuted by substantial evidence. It is crucial to use ivermectin only as prescribed by a healthcare professional for its established medical purposes.