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Islamism is a political ideology that advocates for the establishment of an Islamic state or society based on Islamic law, or Sharia. The term "Islamism" is often used interchangeably with "Islamic fundamentalism," although the two are not necessarily synonymous. Islamism can be traced back to the early 20th century, with its roots in the revivalist movements of the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamic organizations.

The primary goals of Islamism are to promote the implementation of Sharia law, to defend Islam against what are perceived as its enemies, and to promote the interests of Muslims worldwide. Islamism can take various forms, ranging from moderate to extremist, and can be found in different parts of the world, including the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Critics of Islamism argue that it often leads to intolerance, violence, and the suppression of civil liberties. They also contend that Islamism can be used as a cover for political and economic interests. Proponents of Islamism, on the other hand, argue that it is a necessary response to what they see as the oppression and marginalization of Muslims in the modern world.

Islamism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been the subject of much debate and controversy. Its proponents and critics alike agree that it is a significant force in the contemporary world, shaping the political and social landscape in many regions.