iparpolitika

iparpolitika, or industrial policy, is a set of government measures designed to promote the development and competitiveness of a country's industrial base. It includes targeted support for strategic sectors, regulatory reforms to reduce barriers, investments in infrastructure, and policies to strengthen innovation, skills, and institutions. The aim is to raise productivity, diversify the economy, create stable employment, and improve resilience to economic shocks.

Instruments commonly used in iparpolitika include tax incentives, subsidies, public procurement preferences, grants for research and development, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and financing programs. It also encompasses initiatives to foster industrial clusters, export promotion, and policies to accelerate energy efficiency and the green transition. The exact mix varies by country and economic context.

Historically, iparpolitika has roots in early development planning and postwar reconstruction. It became central in East Asia during periods of rapid growth and remains a feature of many economies in various forms. Contemporary approaches emphasize innovation systems, digital transformation, sustainable energy, regional development, and coordinated action across government agencies and public financial institutions.

Debates about iparpolitika focus on effectiveness, efficiency, and governance. Proponents argue that strategic support can correct market failures, accelerate technological progress, and diversify the economy. Critics warn of misallocation, fiscal costs, and capture by interest groups. The success of policies often hinges on design, transparency, evidence, and the ability to scale successful interventions.

The term is widely used across countries, with specifics differing according to institutional context, development priorities, and policy objectives.