iodates

Iodates are chemical compounds that contain the IO3− ion. They are salts of iodic acid (HIO3) and include common reagents such as sodium iodate (NaIO3) and potassium iodate (KIO3). In solution iodine is in the +5 oxidation state, and the iodate ion is a stable polyatomic anion.

Iodates are typically white crystalline solids and are soluble in water, with solubility depending on the accompanying cation. In aqueous solution IO3− acts as a relatively strong oxidizing agent, particularly under acidic conditions, where it can oxidize iodide to iodine. In neutral or basic solutions iodates are comparatively stable, and they can decompose upon heating to release oxygen and iodine.

Industrially, iodates are produced by oxidizing iodide with oxidants such as chlorine, hypochlorite, or air in alkaline solution, followed by precipitation as the desired salt. They can also be generated by neutralizing iodic acid with a suitable base.

Occurrence and applications of iodates are diverse. Potassium iodate is widely used as a dietary iodine supplement, especially in table salt, to prevent iodine deficiency. Iodates are employed in chemical synthesis as oxidants and in some analytical procedures, notably iodometric titrations. In marine and freshwater environments, iodate forms through the oxidation of iodide by oxygen and other oxidants.

Safety considerations: iodates are oxidizing agents and should be handled away from reducing substances and organic materials. They can be irritating in contact with skin or eyes and may pose hazards if ingested in large amounts; standard chemical-handling precautions apply. Storage should avoid heat and incompatible materials.