involutus

Involutus, scientifically known as *Inocybe involutus*, is a species of mushroom in the Inocybaceae family, commonly found in temperate regions of Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It is often recognized for its distinctive, volva-like structure, which resembles a small, cup-like remnant at the base of the stem, hence the name "involutus," derived from the Latin *involvere*, meaning "to wrap."

This mushroom typically grows in clusters or solitary on forest floors, particularly in coniferous or mixed woodlands, where it associates with various tree species, including pines, spruces, and firs. It prefers well-drained, acidic soils and often emerges after rainfall or in damp conditions during late summer to autumn. The cap of *Inocybe involutus* is initially convex, later becoming bell-shaped or funnel-like, with a smooth, dry surface that may turn slightly brownish or grayish with age. The gills are decurrent, running down the stem, and the flesh is pale, sometimes with a faint, earthy odor.

Edibility varies by region and individual tolerance, as *Inocybe involutus* is generally considered inedible or mildly toxic. Some mycologists classify it as a potential cause of gastrointestinal upset if consumed raw or improperly prepared. Due to its resemblance to other mushrooms, such as *Inocybe geophylla*, it should never be collected without expert identification to avoid confusion with poisonous look-alikes.

Culturally, *Inocybe involutus* has been studied for its potential medicinal properties, though research remains limited. Some traditional uses include claims of immune-modulating effects, though scientific validation is lacking. Conservation efforts are not typically necessary for this species, as it is widespread and not currently listed as endangered. Further study is needed to clarify its ecological role and potential applications.