intuitions

Intuitions are rapid judgments or beliefs that arise without conscious reasoning, often described as a gut feeling. They draw on pattern recognition from past experiences and tacit knowledge accumulated in long-term memory. Unlike deliberate analysis, intuitions operate automatically and are typically invoked under time pressure or uncertainty. In cognitive psychology, intuition is contrasted with reasoning and is associated with System 1 processes in dual-process theories.

Intuition can be valuable in familiar domains where a person has extensive practice; expert intuition can emerge from repeated exposure and feedback, leading to fast, approximately correct judgments. Gary Klein's recognition-primed decision model describes how experts quickly image a few possible scenarios and select a course of action without comparing many alternatives. However, intuition can be fallible, especially in novel situations or when inputs are biased. Heuristics such as availability, representativeness, and affect can distort intuitive judgments, and overconfidence can follow.

Intuition interacts with emotion; affective responses can bias judgments but can also signal meaningful cues. Training, feedback, and deliberate reflection can improve calibration of intuitive judgments, but rigorous analysis remains important in high-stakes settings such as medicine or finance. Researchers study intuition using calibration studies, think-aloud protocols, and neurocognitive methods to understand how unconscious processes guide judgments.

Overall, intuitions function as a heuristic-based, experience-derived source of quick judgments that complements, but does not replace, systematic reasoning. They are most trustworthy in domains with reliable feedback and stable structures, and warrant skepticism in unfamiliar or high-uncertainty contexts.