interceptiva

Interceptiva is a term used in reproductive health to describe contraceptive methods that act to intercept the reproductive process by preventing fertilization or implantation. The word is most often found in Spanish- and Portuguese-language materials and may be used interchangeably with anticonceptivo in those contexts. In English, the term interceptive is uncommon and the broader category is usually referred to as contraception or family planning. Interceptivas are intended to block pregnancy before it begins and are not used to terminate an established pregnancy.

The range of interceptivas includes barrier methods, hormonal methods, and intrauterine devices. Barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Hormonal methods—combined oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills, transdermal patches, vaginal rings, implants, and hormonal IUDs—primarily prevent ovulation, alter cervical mucus, or change the endometrium to reduce the likelihood of conception. Intrauterine devices come in copper and hormonal forms; copper IUDs mainly impair sperm function, while hormonal IUDs thin the endometrium and thicken cervical mucus. Emergency contraception pills are used after intercourse to reduce the chance of pregnancy, mainly by delaying ovulation and inhibiting fertilization; their effect on implantation is debated in scientific literature.

Effectiveness and safety vary by method and user factors. Typical-use effectiveness is a function of adherence and correct use, while perfect-use rates are higher. All interceptivas can have side effects and contraindications, and decisions about method choice should be guided by medical history, personal preferences, access, and counseling from health professionals. Overall, interceptivas provide a spectrum of options for family planning aimed at preventing unintended pregnancies.