insole

An insole, also called a footbed or inner sole, is a layer inside a shoe positioned between the foot and the outsole. It provides cushioning, can improve fit, and may offer biomechanical support and shock absorption. Insoles can be removable or built-in.

Types include comfort insoles that prioritize softness, and supportive or orthotic insoles designed to stabilize the arch, control motion, and redistribute plantar pressures. Athletic insoles are tailored for sport, while medical-grade versions serve specific conditions such as plantar fasciitis or diabetic neuropathy.

Materials range from foams (EVA, polyurethane) and memory foam to cork, gel, silicone, leather, or blends. Construction may be a single layer or multiple layers with arch supports, heel cups, or metatarsal pads. Some insoles are heat-moldable for a customized fit.

Uses include reducing foot pain, improving balance and alignment, and distributing pressure across the sole. They are used in everyday footwear, work boots, and sports shoes. People with diabetes or neuropathy should select insoles with appropriate support under medical advice.

Fit and care: removable insoles should be checked for wear and trimmed to shoe size if allowed by the manufacturer. Clean with mild soap and air-dry; avoid heat to preserve materials. Replace insoles when cushioning or support declines.

History: simple footbeds have ancient origins; modern foam-based insoles became common in the 20th century and have since diversified in design.