innesto

Linnesto is a horticultural propagation technique in which parts of two plants are joined to grow as a single plant. Typically, a scion, the desirable shoot or bud, is grafted onto a rootstock, the plant that provides the root system. The success of the union depends on the alignment and contact of the cambium layers of both parts, which allows the vascular tissues to fuse and transport nutrients.

Among the techniques used, innesto a gemma (bud grafting) and innesto a spacco (split grafting) are two of the most common. In bud grafting, a single bud is inserted under a protective bark flap on the rootstock. In split grafting, a cut is made in the rootstock and a corresponding piece of the scion is inserted to fit. Other methods vary by species, size, and local climate, but all aim to maximize cambial contact and stable union, often requiring support and sealing to prevent drying or infection.

Innesto is widely used to propagate cultivars with desired fruit quality, vigor, or disease resistance, and to adapt rootstocks to soil or climatic conditions. It also enables recovery of damaged trees and the production of dwarf or otherwise specialized trees. Compatibility between scion and rootstock is essential; incompatibility can lead to graft failure or poor growth.

Practices are common in nurseries and orchards. The optimal season depends on the species, but many grafts are performed when plants are dormant, with adjustments for other crops. After positioning, parts are tied and sealed with wax or grafting compounds to protect the union during healing. Subsequent care supports successful cambial growth and long-term vigor.