indlæring

Indlæring is a Danish term that denotes the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes or behaviors. It covers the internalization of new information and its integration into existing cognitive structures. The term is used across educational, professional and psychological contexts to describe how learners come to know and be able to do something, through study, practice, reflection and feedback.

Learning involves several cognitive subprocesses, including attention, encoding of information into memory, consolidation, retrieval and application. It can occur deliberately through instruction or incidentally through experience. Depending on the task, different domains—cognitive (facts and rules), affective (values and motivation) and psychomotor (manual skills)—may be engaged.

Pedagogical approaches that support indlæring include active learning, spaced repetition, retrieval practice, feedback and deliberate practice. Instructional design aims to optimize cognitive load, activate prior knowledge, and provide opportunities for authentic practice and transfer to new contexts. Assessment of indlæring uses formative and summative methods to evaluate knowledge, skills and dispositions. Effective assessment provides feedback that informs next steps and supports further learning.

Challenges in indlæring include maintaining motivation, preventing forgetting, enabling transfer to new situations, and addressing diverse prior knowledge. Technologies such as learning analytics, spaced repetition software and adaptive learning systems can support personalized indlæring but require careful implementation to avoid cognitive overload or inequities.