imunodeficienele

Imunodeficienta refers to a state where the body's immune system is weakened or not functioning properly, leaving it vulnerable to infections and diseases. This deficiency can be primary, meaning it is congenital and present from birth, or secondary, acquired later in life due to external factors. Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders that affect the development or function of immune cells, such as B cells, T cells, or phagocytes. These conditions can manifest in infancy or childhood and range in severity.

Secondary immunodeficiencies are more common and arise from various causes. These include certain medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which suppress the immune system to fight cancer. Chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, and organ transplantation also compromise immune function. Furthermore, aging can naturally lead to a decline in immune system effectiveness.

Symptoms of immunodeficiency vary depending on the specific type and severity, but common signs include recurrent and severe infections, slow healing of wounds, and a generally poor response to treatment for infections. The infections can affect various parts of the body, including the respiratory system, skin, and digestive tract. Diagnosing immunodeficiency typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests to assess different components of the immune system. Treatment aims to manage infections, replace missing immune components if necessary, and address the underlying cause of the deficiency.