imunodeficiencias

Imunodeficiencias, also known as immunodeficiencies, are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. This can make an individual more susceptible to infections. There are two main categories of immunodeficiencies: primary and secondary.

Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders that are present from birth, although symptoms may not appear until later in life. These are relatively rare and affect different parts of the immune system. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Treatment for primary immunodeficiencies often involves immunoglobulin replacement therapy, prophylactic antibiotics, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation.

Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired later in life due to external factors that weaken the immune system. These are much more common than primary immunodeficiencies. Causes can include malnutrition, certain medications (such as chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used after organ transplantation), chronic diseases like diabetes or HIV/AIDS, and aging. The management of secondary immunodeficiencies focuses on treating the underlying cause. For instance, managing HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy can restore immune function.

Diagnosing immunodeficiencies typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing severe infections and improving the quality of life for individuals affected by these conditions.