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Improvisational theatre, often abbreviated as "improv," is a form of live theatre in which the dialogue, plot, and character development are created spontaneously by the performers, usually in response to suggestions from an audience member or fellow performer. The term "improvisational" refers to the spontaneous and unscripted nature of the performances, which can range from short scenes to full-length plays.

Improv originated in the United States in the early 20th century, with roots in the improvisational comedy of the vaudeville era. It gained prominence in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of the "Second City" training program in Chicago, which emphasized physical comedy, character development, and audience interaction. Today, improv is practiced and performed in various forms around the world, including stage performances, film, television, and even corporate training.

Improv performances typically involve a group of actors who work together to create a scene on the spot. The process often begins with a suggestion or prompt from an audience member, which the performers then build upon to create a scene. The performers must be able to think quickly and creatively, and must be comfortable with the unpredictability of the process. Improvisational theatre often emphasizes the importance of trust, collaboration, and communication among the performers.

Improv has been used in a variety of contexts, including comedy, drama, and even experimental theatre. It has also been used as a tool for personal and professional development, with many people participating in improv workshops and classes to improve their communication skills, creativity, and confidence. Improvisational theatre continues to evolve and adapt, with new techniques and approaches emerging all the time.