immuunivajeeseen

Immuunivaje, or immunodeficiency, refers to a state where the body's immune system is weakened and unable to adequately protect against infections and diseases. This can manifest as an increased susceptibility to common illnesses, as well as more severe and persistent infections. The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When this system is compromised, it struggles to identify and neutralize these threats.

There are two main categories of immunodeficiency: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are typically genetic disorders, meaning they are inherited from parents and present from birth, though symptoms may not appear until later in life. These conditions affect specific components of the immune system, impairing its function. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Secondary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are acquired during a person's lifetime due to external factors. Common causes include malnutrition, certain medications like chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used after organ transplantation, chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, and aging.

Diagnosing immunodeficiency often involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests to assess the function and number of immune cells. Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. They can include immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antibiotics to prevent or treat infections, and in some cases, stem cell or gene therapy for specific genetic disorders. Management focuses on preventing infections, treating existing ones promptly, and supporting the overall health of the individual.