immunoglobululinerstatning

Immunoglobulinerstatning, also known as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) or immunoglobulin therapy, is a medical treatment that involves administering exogenous immunoglobulins to individuals with a weakened or deficient immune system. Immunoglobulins, also called antibodies, are proteins produced by specialized white blood cells called B cells. They play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.

Individuals who may benefit from IRT typically have primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), a group of inherited conditions where the immune system is not functioning properly. These can lead to recurrent and severe infections. IRT is also used for certain secondary immunodeficiencies, which can be caused by conditions like HIV/AIDS, certain cancers, or immunosuppressive medications used in organ transplantation.

The immunoglobulins used in IRT are typically derived from the plasma of thousands of healthy human donors. This plasma undergoes rigorous screening and processing to ensure safety and efficacy. The therapy can be administered intravenously (IVIg), subcutaneously (SCIg), or intramuscularly. Intravenous administration involves a slow infusion of the immunoglobulin solution into a vein, usually in a hospital or clinic setting. Subcutaneous administration involves injecting the solution under the skin, which can often be done at home by the patient or a caregiver after proper training. Intramuscular administration is less common for long-term replacement.

The goal of IRT is to supplement the body's own insufficient antibody levels, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of infections, improving overall health, and enhancing the quality of life for patients with immunodeficiencies. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is important to ensure the correct dosage and to manage any potential side effects, which can include allergic reactions, headaches, or flu-like symptoms.