illégaux

Illégaux is a term used in French discourse to refer to people who reside in a country without legal authorization. It is considered pejorative by many scholars and advocacy organizations, who prefer terms like "personnes en situation irrégulière" or "sans-papiers." In official or legal contexts, status is described as irregular or undocumented.

Irregular status arises when a person enters without valid documents, overstays a visa, or lacks the permission to stay or work. In many jurisdictions, irregularity is an administrative condition rather than a criminal offense, although some countries criminalize irregular entry or residence. People in this situation may face enforcement actions, including administrative checks, penalties, detention, or deportation orders. Rights to health care and education may be restricted or kept under certain allowances depending on jurisdiction.

In France and the European Union, irregular migrants may be subject to administrative instruments such as the obligation de quitter le territoire (OQTF) and, in some cases, administrative detention in a centre de rétention administrative (CRA) prior to removal. EU frameworks, including return directives and asylum procedures, regulate enforcement and protection; some irregular migrants may apply for asylum or other forms of protection, while others may be returned when not eligible. Access to services is often limited but not necessarily denied in emergencies.

The term illégaux remains contested in public discourse, reflecting broader debates about border policy, human rights, and social integration. Critics warn that labeling people as "illégaux" can obscure individual circumstances and dignity, while supporters emphasize immigration control and public security.

See also: sans-papiers, immigration, regularisation.