ijeje

Ijeje is a Yoruba term referring to witchcraft or malevolent magic believed to be used to harm others. In traditional Yoruba belief, ijeje encompasses spells, curses, or potions that can bring illness, misfortune, or death to individuals, families, or communities. Practitioners or witches are described as capable of covertly projecting harm, often requiring secrecy and moral ambiguity. The concept is linked with social concerns such as envy, betrayal, and competitive success, and accusations of ijeje have historically played a role in social regulation, sometimes resulting in ostracism or conflict.

Beliefs vary, and many Yoruba people today distinguish ijeje from more benign spiritual practices, with some attributing misfortune to natural causes or to other factors. Traditional explanations often rely on divination and spiritual diagnosis. People may consult trusted spiritual practitioners or diviners to determine if ijeje is involved and to seek remedies or protection. Common protective measures include cleansing rituals, prayers, and the use of charms, herbs, or amulets.

In contemporary Nigeria and among Yoruba-speaking communities abroad, ijeje remains part of cultural narratives and spiritual life. Scholars describe it as a complex social construct that intersects with gender, power, and social control, while critics emphasize the risk of superstition and harm from unfounded accusations. Overall, ijeje denotes a belief in harmful magic within a Yoruba cultural framework, with varied interpretations across communities and generations.