iPV

IPV, in vaccinology, stands for the inactivated poliovirus vaccine. It is a killed-virus vaccine given by intramuscular injection to protect against poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. IPV is used in routine immunization schedules worldwide and is delivered in multiple doses during early childhood, with boosters in some countries. Unlike the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), IPV does not revert to a virulent form and is not shed in feces. The vaccine induces systemic immunity that protects against paralytic polio; in many regions it complements or replaces OPV to reduce vaccine-derived poliovirus risk.

IPV also stands for intimate partner violence, a pattern of abusive behavior by a current or former intimate or dating partner. It can be physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse, or coercive control and economic domination. IPV affects people of all genders and ages, though women and girls are more commonly affected in many settings. Consequences include injuries, chronic health problems, mental health issues, and increased risk of homicide. Risk factors include gender inequality, prior exposure to violence, and economic stress. Prevention and response involve legal protections, healthcare screening, referrals to services, shelters, and education to challenge norms that enable violence.