hüpokloriitide

Hypochlorites are chemical compounds containing the hypochlorite anion (ClO⁻). This anion is a derivative of hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorites are most commonly encountered in the form of their alkali metal salts, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)₂).

Sodium hypochlorite is widely recognized as the active ingredient in liquid bleach. It is a strong oxidizing agent and a disinfectant. Its effectiveness as a disinfectant stems from its ability to kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This property makes it a common choice for household cleaning, water treatment, and in healthcare settings for sterilization.

Calcium hypochlorite is another common hypochlorite salt, often used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent in its solid form, typically as granules or tablets. It is a primary component in many swimming pool sanitizers. Like sodium hypochlorite, it releases hypochlorous acid in water, which is the active sanitizing species.

Hypochlorites are generally unstable and can decompose over time, especially when exposed to heat, light, or certain contaminants. Their oxidizing nature means they can react with various organic and inorganic materials, which is the basis of their bleaching and disinfecting action. However, this reactivity also means they should be handled with care and stored appropriately. Mixing hypochlorites with acids can release chlorine gas, which is toxic.