CaClO

Calcium hypochlorite (CaClO) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(ClO)₂, commonly known as bleaching powder when in a partially hydrated form. It is a white to slightly yellowish powder that is highly soluble in water and exhibits strong oxidizing properties. Calcium hypochlorite is primarily used as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and water treatment chemical due to its ability to release chlorine when dissolved in water.

The compound is produced industrially through the chlorination of calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or calcium carbonate (limestone). The reaction typically occurs in a chlorinator, where chlorine gas reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium hypochlorite, calcium chloride, and water. It is also available in stabilized forms, such as those combined with calcium chloride or sodium carbonate, to enhance stability and reduce volatility.

Calcium hypochlorite is widely utilized in municipal and industrial water treatment to disinfect drinking water and swimming pools. It is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. In addition to its use in water treatment, it serves as a bleaching agent for textiles, paper, and wood pulp, as well as a component in household cleaning products and swimming pool sanitizers.

Despite its utility, calcium hypochlorite poses significant health and safety risks. It is highly corrosive and can cause severe skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of dust or fumes may lead to respiratory issues, while ingestion can result in gastrointestinal distress or systemic toxicity. Proper handling, storage in tightly sealed containers, and use in well-ventilated areas are essential to minimize exposure risks.

Environmentally, calcium hypochlorite can contribute to water pollution if not managed properly, as it may react with organic matter to form disinfection byproducts, some of which are potentially harmful. Its use should comply with regulatory guidelines to ensure safe and sustainable application.