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Hyperlipidemia, also known as high cholesterol or dyslipidemia, is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids in the blood. Lipids are fatty substances that include cholesterol and triglycerides. There are different types of hyperlipidemia, categorized by which lipid levels are elevated. These include high total cholesterol, high LDL ("bad") cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL ("good") cholesterol.

Hyperlipidemia is often asymptomatic, meaning it does not cause noticeable symptoms. It is typically diagnosed through a blood test called a lipid panel. The condition is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), heart attack, and stroke. This is because high levels of lipids can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow.

Risk factors for developing hyperlipidemia include genetics, a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and hypothyroidism. Treatment strategies aim to lower lipid levels and reduce cardiovascular risk. These often involve lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased exercise, and weight loss. In some cases, medication, such as statins, fibrates, or niacin, may be prescribed by a healthcare professional. Regular medical check-ups and monitoring are important for individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia.