hükmünde
Hükmünde is a Turkish adjective-forming expression used to indicate that something is governed by, under the authority of, or by virtue of a ruling, decree, or law. It is most common in formal and legal language, where it signals that a rule or document has binding force or status as a norm.
Etymology and form: The word derives from hüküm (ruling, verdict) plus the locative suffix -nde, yielding a
Usage: The hallmark use of hükmünde is in the canonical expression kanun hükmünde kararname, which translates
Translation considerations: English renders hükmünde most often as “having the force of law,” “by virtue of law,”