höövlit

Höövlit, in English commonly called a hand plane, is a hand-operated woodworking tool used to shape and smooth wood surfaces. It consists of a rigid body with a flat sole, a sharp cutting blade partly protruding from the bottom, and handles for guiding the tool. When pushed or pulled along the workpiece, the blade removes thin shavings and creates a flat, even finish.

There are several common forms of höövlit designed for different tasks. Smoothing planes produce a fine surface, jack planes remove material more rapidly, and block planes are small and versatile for edges and end grain. The depth of the cut and the size of the blade’s mouth opening are adjustable to control the level of material removed and to manage tear-out. Blades are sharpened with a precise bevel, and proper tuning of the blade, mouth, and bedding (frog) is essential for a smooth cut and good accuracy. Effective planing relies on consistent technique, well-seated workpieces, and careful alignment with the wood grain.

Höövlit have a long history in woodworking. Early versions were made of wood with iron blades, evolving over centuries into metal-bodied models that offer greater rigidity and stability. In contemporary workshops, metal or alloy bodies with adjustable components provide precise control over thickness and finish. The tool remains a staple in carpentry, cabinetry, and furniture making for producing flat, smooth surfaces and true edges.

Maintenance and safety focus on keeping blades sharp, checking alignment, and using proper stance and controlled strokes to minimize tear-out and user fatigue.