hypokyphosis

Hypokyphosis refers to an abnormally reduced curvature of the thoracic spine, meaning the natural outward rounding in the upper back is less than expected. This condition can also be known as flat back syndrome or a flattened thoracic spine. The thoracic spine typically has a kyphotic curve of 20 to 40 degrees. When this curve is significantly less than this range, it is considered hypokyphosis.

The causes of hypokyphosis can vary. It may be a congenital condition, present from birth. It can also be acquired due to factors such as poor posture, degenerative disc disease, vertebral compression fractures, or certain surgical interventions. In some cases, it can be associated with conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, though this often leads to increased stiffness and can contribute to a flattened appearance.

Symptoms of hypokyphosis are not always present, and many individuals with a reduced thoracic curve live without significant issues. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include back pain, stiffness, fatigue, and sometimes difficulty breathing due to the restricted chest expansion. It can also affect posture, leading to a stooped appearance or a forward head posture.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays, to measure the degree of the thoracic curvature. Treatment approaches depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. They may include physical therapy to strengthen back muscles and improve posture, pain management strategies, and in rare, severe cases, surgical correction might be considered.