hypernatriémában

Hypernatriemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. When sodium levels in the blood become too high, it can disrupt these vital processes.

The most common cause of hypernatriemia is a lack of adequate water intake, especially in individuals who are unable to communicate their thirst or access fluids, such as infants, the elderly, or those with cognitive impairments. Other causes can include excessive fluid loss through vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or the use of certain medications like diuretics. In some cases, a condition called diabetes insipidus, which affects the body's ability to regulate water, can also lead to hypernatriemia.

Symptoms of hypernatriemia can vary depending on the severity and how quickly the sodium levels rise. Mild cases may present with thirst, dry mouth, and decreased urine output. As levels increase, more severe symptoms can emerge, including confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness, twitching, and even seizures. In critically high levels, hypernatriemia can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis of hypernatriemia is typically made through a blood test that measures serum sodium levels. Treatment focuses on gradually correcting the sodium imbalance by carefully administering fluids, usually intravenously. The rate of correction is important, as rapid changes can be harmful. Addressing the underlying cause of the hypernatriemia is also a key component of treatment.