hydrophobized

Hydrophobized refers to a state or condition where a material has been treated to become water-repellent. This is achieved by altering the surface properties of the material, typically by applying a substance that reduces its affinity for water molecules. The term originates from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "phobos" meaning fear.

Materials can be hydrophobized through various methods. One common technique involves creating a surface with low surface energy. This can be done by coating the material with hydrophobic compounds such as waxes, silicones, or specialized polymers. These coatings create a barrier that prevents water from spreading and wetting the surface, causing it to bead up instead. Another approach involves modifying the surface texture to create microscopic or nanoscopic structures that trap air, thereby reducing the contact area between the water and the material.

Hydrophobized surfaces have a wide range of applications. In textiles, it is used to create water-resistant and stain-resistant fabrics for clothing and outdoor gear. In construction, hydrophobizing agents are applied to building materials like concrete and stone to prevent water damage and reduce efflorescence. In electronics, it can protect sensitive components from moisture. Furthermore, hydrophobized materials are utilized in self-cleaning surfaces, anti-fog coatings, and even in biomedical devices to improve biocompatibility. The effectiveness of hydrophobization is often measured by the contact angle of water droplets on the surface, with higher angles indicating greater water repellency.