hydrocephalusta

Hydrocephalusta is not a widely recognized medical term. It appears to be a misspelling or variant of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus refers to an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricular system or surrounding spaces, leading to increased intracranial pressure and ventricular dilation.

Hydrocephalus can be congenital or acquired. It arises when CSF flow, production, or absorption is disrupted. Common mechanisms include obstruction to CSF pathways, impaired absorption at the arachnoid granulations, or brain atrophy in which CSF spaces enlarge.

Major types include obstructive (non-communicating) hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, and ex vacuo hydrocephalus, which is due to brain tissue loss rather than CSF buildup. Normal pressure hydrocephalus occurs mainly in older adults and presents with gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary symptoms.

Diagnosis relies on imaging such as CT or MRI to show enlarged ventricles; assessment of CSF dynamics and opening pressure may be used. In infants, clinical signs include rapid head growth and a bulging fontanelle; in adults, headache, nausea, and cognitive changes may occur.

Treatment is aimed at CSF diversion or removal of the cause. Common options are ventriculoperitoneal shunts with adjustable valves and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Prognosis depends on etiology and the promptness of treatment; many patients experience symptom relief after intervention.