hydraulija

Hydraulics is a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of liquids, especially those in motion. It encompasses the study of how liquids transmit force, power, and motion. The fundamental principle behind hydraulics is Pascal's Law, which states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This principle allows for the creation of hydraulic systems that can multiply force.

Hydraulic systems are used in a wide variety of applications. They are essential in many industrial machines, such as excavators, cranes, and presses, where they provide the immense power needed for heavy lifting and manipulation. In automotive engineering, hydraulic systems are used for power steering, braking, and suspension. Aircraft also rely heavily on hydraulics for operating control surfaces, landing gear, and other critical functions. The basic components of a hydraulic system typically include a reservoir for the fluid, a pump to generate flow, valves to control direction and pressure, actuators (like cylinders or motors) to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical work, and the connecting lines or hoses. The fluid used is usually a specialized hydraulic oil, chosen for its lubricating properties, ability to transfer pressure, and resistance to temperature changes and degradation.