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Humanitarianism is a moral philosophy and practice based on concern for human welfare and happiness. It emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, both individually and collectively. A humanitarian is someone who actively seeks to reduce suffering and promote well-being, often through acts of charity, philanthropy, or organized relief efforts. This can involve providing aid to those affected by natural disasters, conflict, poverty, or disease.

The core principles of humanitarianism often include compassion, empathy, and a belief in the inherent dignity of all people. It is distinct from charity, which can be motivated by religious or personal duty, though the two often overlap. Humanitarian action is typically guided by principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence, especially when operating in complex or politically sensitive environments.

Historically, humanitarianism has evolved through various social movements and philosophical traditions, from ancient ethical codes to modern international aid organizations. These organizations work to address immediate needs and also advocate for long-term solutions to systemic issues that cause suffering. The effectiveness and ethics of humanitarian interventions are subjects of ongoing discussion and debate within academic and practical circles.