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The common pigeon, also known as the rock pigeon or simply pigeon, is a species of bird belonging to the family Columbidae. It is native to Europe and Asia, but has been introduced to many other parts of the world, including North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The common pigeon is a medium-sized bird, typically measuring around 30-35 centimeters in length and weighing between 300-450 grams. It has a distinctive appearance, with a grayish-blue body, a white rump, and a black cap with a white stripe running through the eye. The common pigeon is known for its cooing sound, which is often used to describe the bird's vocalizations.

The common pigeon is a social bird, often found in large flocks. It is omnivorous, feeding on a variety of foods including seeds, fruits, and insects. The common pigeon is also known for its ability to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field, a skill that has been studied extensively by scientists. The species is also known for its role in human history, with pigeons being used for messaging and communication purposes in ancient times.

The common pigeon is not considered a threatened species, but it does face some challenges. Urbanization and habitat loss have led to a decline in some populations, and the species is also affected by diseases such as avian cholera. Conservation efforts are in place to protect the common pigeon and its habitats.