hromosom
A hromosom is a long, thread-like structure that carries genetic information. In most eukaryotes, hromosoomid are linear DNA molecules packaged with histone proteins and reside in the cell nucleus. Prokaryotes possess circular chromosomes in the cytoplasm, typically lacking histones in the same way as eukaryotes, though some archaea use histone-like proteins.
A hromosom includes a centromere, telomeres at its ends, and a series of genes distributed along the
Chromosome number and structure vary among species. In humans, somatic cells contain 46 hromosoomid arranged in
Genome duplication and distribution: During the S phase of the cell cycle, hromosoomid are replicated to form
Clinical and research relevance: Chromosome analysis through karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and sequencing detects