hovedmakronæringsstoffer

Hovedmakronæringsstoffer, commonly referred to as main macronutrients, are the nutrients required by the human body in the largest amounts. They provide most of the energy used for daily activities and athletic work, and they supply the raw materials needed for growth, tissue maintenance, and metabolic processes. In nutrition science, the three primary macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Water and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are essential as well but required in smaller amounts.

Carbohydrates are the body's main energy source. They yield about 4 kilocalories per gram and are stored as glycogen in liver and muscle tissue for ready access. Diets emphasize a balance between simple and complex carbohydrates, with a focus on fiber-rich, minimally processed sources. Fiber itself is not digested for energy but supports digestive health and satiety.

Proteins provide amino acids, the building blocks for tissues, enzymes, hormones, and immune components. They also supply about 4 kilocalories per gram. Daily protein needs depend on age, activity level, and health status, with higher needs during growth, pregnancy, or recovery from injury. High-quality protein sources contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts.

Fats supply the highest energy density at about 9 kilocalories per gram and deliver essential fatty acids important for brain function, inflammation control, and cell membranes. Fats are classified into saturated and unsaturated types, with an emphasis on unsaturated fats. Dietary guidance often allocates about 20–35% of energy from fats, alongside 45–65% from carbohydrates and 10–35% from protein, though exact ratios vary by guidance and individual needs.

In summary, hovedmakronæringsstoffer constitute the three energy-yielding nutrients that underpin daily function and health, each with distinct roles and dietary considerations.