hjulets

Hjulet is the Swedish term for the wheel, a circular object designed to rotate around an axle. The wheel enables rolling motions that dramatically reduce friction compared to sliding, making it possible to transport people and goods and to power a wide range of machines. In Swedish, hjulets is the possessive form, used when describing the wheel’s parts or properties.

Evidence of wheeled transport appears in the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age, with early wheels dating to around 3500–3000 BCE in Mesopotamia. Early wheels were solid wooden disks with hubs; the accompanying axle allowed one part to turn relative to the other. Over time, spokes, spoke-wheels, and later metal rims increased strength and reduced weight. The wheel and axle formed one of the first simple machines, multiplying force and enabling more efficient movement.

Modern wheels typically comprise a hub, spokes, a rim, and often a tire. Early wheels were solid; later designs used iron or steel rims and wooden or metal spokes. Pneumatic tires (air-filled) were developed in the late 19th century and later widespread, improving grip and comfort. Other wheel types include caster wheels for swiveling support, and various specialized wheels for vehicles, trains, carts, and machinery.

Throughout history, wheels have powered vehicles, mills, conveyors, and clocks. In transportation, wheel size, weight, and tire choice affect speed, load capacity, and efficiency. In machinery, flywheels store rotational energy; wheels also serve in drive systems and pulleys.

The wheel's invention is regarded as a landmark achievement in technology, enabling advances in trade, agriculture, and industry. Today, wheels remain essential components in countless devices, from bicycles to industrial machinery and robotics.