hjernehinnebetennelse

Hjernehinnebetennelse, also known as meningitis, is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infections, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is a particularly serious form and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Viral meningitis is generally less severe but can still cause significant illness.

Symptoms of hjernehinnebetennelse can vary depending on the cause and the individual, but common signs include a sudden high fever, a severe headache, and a stiff neck. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and confusion. In infants, symptoms can be more subtle and may include irritability, poor feeding, and a bulging fontanelle (the soft spot on a baby's head).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of symptoms, and diagnostic tests. A lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, is often performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis to identify the causative agent. Blood tests may also be conducted.

Treatment for hjernehinnebetennelse depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate treatment with antibiotics, often intravenously. Antiviral medications may be used for viral meningitis, though supportive care is often the primary treatment. Fungal meningitis is treated with antifungal medications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing serious complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss, or even death. Vaccination is available for some types of bacterial meningitis and can significantly reduce the risk of infection.