hjartavöðvavandamál

Hjartavöðvavandamál, also known as cardiomyopathy, refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle. In these conditions, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiffened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, and irregular heartbeats.

There are several types of cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged and weakened left ventricle, the heart's main pumping chamber. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of the heart muscle, which can obstruct blood flow. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common type, where the heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible, impairing its ability to fill with blood.

The causes of cardiomyopathy can vary. Some forms are inherited, while others can be acquired due to factors such as high blood pressure, infections, alcohol abuse, certain medications, and other medical conditions. In many cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart), and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the heart's function. This may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce fluid buildup, or manage arrhythmias, as well as lifestyle modifications. In severe cases, more advanced treatments like pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or even heart transplantation may be considered.