hjartabólgu

Hjartabólga, also known as myocarditis, is an inflammation of the heart muscle, the myocardium. This condition can affect the heart's electrical system and its ability to pump blood effectively. Myocarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections, which are the most common cause, but also bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications or toxins.

Symptoms of myocarditis can vary widely and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet. In some cases, symptoms can be mild and go unnoticed, while in others, they can be severe and lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis of myocarditis typically involves a review of symptoms, a physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests to check for markers of inflammation or infection, and often an echocardiogram to assess heart function. In some instances, a cardiac MRI or even a biopsy of the heart muscle may be performed for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for myocarditis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. If a viral infection is suspected, treatment may focus on supportive care, managing symptoms, and allowing the body to fight off the infection. In cases caused by bacterial infections, antibiotics will be prescribed. For autoimmune conditions, immunosuppressant medications may be used. Severe cases may require hospitalization and medications to improve heart function or manage arrhythmias. Long-term prognosis varies, with some individuals recovering fully while others may develop chronic heart problems.