Hjartabólga

Hjartabólga, also known as myocarditis, is an inflammation of the heart muscle, the myocardium. This condition can affect the heart's electrical system and its ability to pump blood effectively. Myocarditis can range in severity from mild to life-threatening.

The most common cause of myocarditis is viral infections, such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, and influenza. However, it can also be triggered by bacterial infections, fungal infections, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to toxins. In some cases, the exact cause may remain undetermined.

Symptoms of myocarditis can vary widely and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeats (palpitations), swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet, and flu-like symptoms such as fever and muscle aches. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests to detect markers of inflammation or infection, and cardiac imaging such as an echocardiogram or cardiac MRI. In some instances, a biopsy of the heart muscle may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for myocarditis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. For viral myocarditis, treatment often focuses on supportive care, managing symptoms, and allowing the body to heal. In cases caused by bacteria or other infections, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be prescribed. If an autoimmune condition is suspected, immunosuppressant drugs might be used. For those experiencing heart failure, medications to improve heart function and reduce fluid retention are common. In severe or persistent cases, more advanced treatments like a heart transplant may be considered.