histatin7

Histatin-7 is a member of the histatin family of small, histidine-rich antimicrobial peptides found in human saliva. Histatins are secreted mainly by the salivary glands and contribute to the oral innate immune defense by inhibiting microbial growth and modulating the oral microbiome.

Biochemical characteristics: Histatin-7 is a short, cationic peptide with a high content of histidine residues. Like other histatins, it is produced in the context of larger histatin precursors and can be present in saliva either as a distinct mature peptide or as a proteolytic fragment.

Antimicrobial activity: In vitro studies have reported antifungal activity for histatin-7, including inhibition of growth of Candida species, and activity against certain oral bacteria under defined conditions. The potency of histatin-7 varies with pH, ionic strength, and the presence of other saliva components.

Mechanisms of action: The antimicrobial effects of histatin-7 are attributed to interactions with microbial membranes, disruption of membrane integrity, and interference with intracellular processes. Histatins may also chelate metal ions and modulate microbial enzymes, contributing to their antimicrobial effects. The precise mechanism can be organism- and context-dependent.

Clinical and research context: Histatin-7 is part of the broader repertoire of salivary antimicrobial peptides that support oral health. While no histatin-7-based therapies are approved, research investigates its potential for managing oral candidiasis, biofilms, and mucosal wound healing, as well as its use in saliva-inspired therapeutic formulations.