hipoxémiában

Hipoxémia refers to a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood. This can occur when the lungs are unable to adequately transfer oxygen from the inhaled air into the bloodstream. Several factors can lead to hipoxémia, including respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. Other causes include lung injury, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung), and high altitude where the air pressure is lower and contains less oxygen.

Symptoms of hipoxémia can vary in severity and may include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, confusion, dizziness, and a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, known as cyanosis. In severe cases, hipoxémia can lead to organ damage, unconsciousness, and even death.

Diagnosis typically involves measuring the oxygen saturation in the blood using a pulse oximeter or by taking an arterial blood gas sample. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the low oxygen levels. This may involve administering supplemental oxygen, using medications to open the airways, or treating infections. In critical situations, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support breathing. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.