hiperkalemii

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. When potassium levels rise too high, it can disrupt these vital functions.

The most common causes of hyperkalemia include kidney disease, where the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete excess potassium. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, potassium-sparing diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also lead to increased potassium levels. Other contributing factors can be adrenal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, and the breakdown of cells, such as during rhabdomyolysis or tumor lysis syndrome.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia can vary depending on the severity. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more severe hyperkalemia can manifest as muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and irregular heartbeat. In critically high levels, it can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis is made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels and address the underlying cause. This may involve dietary restrictions of potassium-rich foods, medications to shift potassium into cells or increase its excretion, or in severe cases, dialysis. Prompt recognition and management are essential to prevent life-threatening complications.