hiperaldosteronism

Hyperaldosteronism, also known as primary aldosteronism or Conn's syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels. When aldosterone production is excessive, it can lead to a buildup of sodium and a loss of potassium in the body.

The most common symptom of hyperaldosteronism is high blood pressure (hypertension) that is often resistant to standard treatments. Other potential symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, headaches, increased thirst and urination, and irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) due to low potassium levels (hypokalemia). In some cases, hyperaldosteronism may be asymptomatic, with the condition only being discovered incidentally during tests for other medical issues.

Hyperaldosteronism can be caused by a benign tumor in one of the adrenal glands (adenoma) or by hyperplasia, which is an enlargement of the adrenal glands. In rare instances, it can be caused by adrenal cancer. The diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to measure aldosterone and renin levels, which are hormones involved in aldosterone regulation. Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs may be used to identify the cause within the adrenal glands.

Treatment for hyperaldosteronism depends on the underlying cause. For adrenal adenomas, surgical removal of the tumor may be recommended. In cases of adrenal hyperplasia, medication to block the effects of aldosterone, such as spironolactone or eplerenone, is often prescribed. Managing hyperaldosteronism is important for preventing complications associated with chronic high blood pressure and electrolyte imbalances.